In order to solve the environmental problems caused by the growing solid livestock excrement and the negative effects of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility, to combine the advantages of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer to develop a new bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is one of the fertilizer development directions. Resin coated urea was used as a carrier and bio-organic fertilizer was used as coating material to prepare bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by using drum granulator. The fertilizer efficiency of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer was studied by maize pot experiment. The physiological characteristics of maize were measured regularly and soil samples were collected. The physical and chemical properties, microbial content, enzyme activity, soil respiration, nitrification and denitrification rate of soil were detected and analyzed. The results showed that bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment can significantly improve soil microbial activity compared with the common urea treatment. The contents of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes increased by 2 855.88%, 4 414.14% and 1 153.16%, respectively. The various activities of enzymes in soil are also increased significantly. The rates of nitrification, denitrification and respiration in soil are decreased, and the yield of maize increases by 15.41%.