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Abstract To explore the effects of quality change, environmental factors and gene expression of key
enzymes on S. baicalensis in spring, the content of 4 monomeric flavonoids and total flavonoids was
determined by high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respec?
tively, the expression levels of 9 key enzymes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, FNS, F6H, UBGAT and
GUS) in the baicalin synthesis pathway were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,
and environmental parameters were recorded at the same time. In view of the change of the content of
medicinal ingredients, it is suggested that the biennial S. baicalensis should be harvested from the
end of May to the beginning of June in spring. CHI, GUS, 4CL and PAL were the key enzyme genes
that affected the accumulation of medicinal ingredients in root of biennial S. baicalensis in spring.
Soil temperature, Ta, RH and TaMin were significantly related to the accumulation of medicinal ingre?
dients in root of biennial S. baicalensis in spring. TaMax, rainfall and SWC also had significant effects
on the accumulation, while light and short-term heavy rainfall had little effect. Soil moisture and tem?
perature had important effects on the accumulation of medicinal ingredients of S. baicalensis, soil
moisture and temperature in spring had different effects on root quality of S. baicalensis, and soil tem?
perature had a greater effect than SWC. The relationship between spring harvest time of biennial S.
baicalensis and the accumulation of its pharmacodynamic components and ecological factors and the
expression of key enzyme genes was clarified, which provides a theoretical basis for the determina?
tion of the optimal harvest time and the improvement of the quality of S. baicalensis.
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Received: 14 February 2019
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